Therapeutic antibodies, engineered through biotechnology, represent a specialized class of antibodies used in disease treatment. These antibodies are designed to target specific disease markers, such as malignant tumors, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Compared to traditional antibody therapies, therapeutic antibodies offer higher specificity and fewer side effects.

In the realm of immunotherapy, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) stands out as a highly effective anti-tumor mechanism. ADCC enhancement refers to the bolstering of immune cells' ability to attack malignant cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. ADCC enhancement technology finds significant applications in the field of therapeutic antibodies, encompassing techniques like fucosylation engineering, Fc protein-engineering, cross-isotype engineering, and glyco- and Fc protein dual engineering.

Furthermore, antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP) plays a pivotal role in the action of therapeutic antibodies. The ADCP assay serves as an experimental method for studying antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis. This research investigates whether antibodies assist immune cells, such as macrophages, in recognizing, engulfing, and digesting labeled target cells or pathogens. Through the ADCP assay, researchers can assess whether therapeutic antibodies activate immune cells to attack and eliminate tumor cells, instilling renewed optimism in cancer treatment.

CDC enhancement, a classical approach to fortifying the immune system, amplifies the cytotoxicity of antibodies. Immunotherapy often hinges on antibody action, and CDC enhancement accentuates the activation of the complement system by antibodies, inducing cell toxicity and ultimately eradicating target cells.

In CDC enhancement, antibodies (typically therapeutic monoclonal antibodies) bind to antigens on the surface of target cells, triggering the activation of the C1q molecule in the complement system. C1q further instigates the complement cascade reaction in the immune system, culminating in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). This process ruptures target cell membranes and leads to cell lysis, achieving cytotoxic effects on the target cells. Researchers assess the binding capacity of therapeutic antibodies with C1q through the C1q binding assay, determining the antibody's effectiveness in the immune response.

Researchers have surmounted numerous challenges in disease treatment through advanced techniques such as the C1q binding Assay and ADCP assay. In cancer treatment, scientists have successfully developed a series of antibodies targeting specific antigens. These drugs activate immune cells, propelling them to engulf and annihilate cancer cells. The successful application of this immunotherapy brings renewed hope to tumor treatment.

In the domain of autoimmune disease treatment, researchers are leveraging antibodies to target diseases resulting from immune system overactivation. Through meticulous C1q binding assay studies, scientists can pinpoint the most suitable antibodies for treatment, precisely modulating the immune system's activity to achieve therapeutic goals.

Moreover, in the realm of treating viral and bacterial infections, the utilization of the ADCP assay is on the rise. Researchers have formulated a series of antibodies targeting pathogens, effectively eliminating infection sources by stimulating immune cells to engulf these pathogens. Consequently, this approach has significantly heightened the success rate of infectious disease treatments.

With the continuous evolution of single-cell technologies and CRISPR gene editing techniques, researchers can delve deeper into cell death mechanisms, antibody structures, and immune cell functions. This progress will further accelerate research on ADCC enhancement, offering more precise and efficient means for disease treatment.